Immerse yourself in new virtual clinical cases! Here you can find new virtual patient cases from year 2025:
Myasthenia Gravis
Vanda Benetinová, MD, Magda Horáková, MD, PhD, Adam Šimo, Alžbeta Žofia Drgoňová
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction. It typically manifests as fluctuating muscle weakness. Due to its inconsistent and varied clinical features, the disease often presents a diagnostic challenge that can confront specialists from different fields. Early diagnosis and the right therapeutic approach are the basis for successful treatment, but we must also keep in mind the risk of a life-threatening myasthenic crisis. Find out which factors can contribute to the development of a myasthenic crisis (and much more) in this algorithm.
Stroke - 2025
Miroslav Škorňa, MD, Assoc. Prof. Martin Pail, MD, PhD, Prof. Eva Vlčková, MD, PhD, Klára Sokolová, Martin Tížek. Illustration: MidJourney
A stroke is an acute brain disease caused by a disruption of the blood supply - either ischemic (blockage of a blood vessel) or hemorrhagic (bleeding). Major risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and heart disease. Typical symptoms include sudden weakness, speech impairment and loss of balance. Early medical attention is crucial. In the algorithm, the solver will learn to differentiate types of CMP, learn to respond to warning signs and decide on further action in the acute phase. This provides a clear framework for the first steps in the diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition.
Impaired consciousness with convulsions
Viktória Kokošová, MD, Assoc. Prof. Martin Pail, MD, PhD, Magdalena Petrlová, Andrea Dobrovolná
Disorder of consciousness with convulsions is an acute condition that can arise from a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms such as epileptic paroxysm, metabolic or cardiovascular disorders. Early and correct diagnosis is essential in seizure disorder of consciousness to select adequate therapy and prevent complications. Special attention should be paid to the potentially life-threatening condition of status epilepticus. The algorithm guides you through key decisions, from first aid to differential diagnosis to therapeutic strategies that reflect the latest recommendations in neurology and emergency medicine.
Opioids from theory to practice
Ivo Křikava, MD, PhD, Jitka Rychlíčková, MSc, PhD, Karolína Štefková, Jan Nemčok
Opioids are one of the longest known and used drug groups. Due to their specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic actions, their use is often subject to uncertainty or hesitation on the part of both patients and physicians. In this algorithm, we will look at their use in practice in the role of the pain specialist and anaesthesiologist, in particular the setting of chronic medication - escalation and de-escalation of therapy, management of common side effects and adaptation of analgesia in the perioperative period.
Chronic cephalalgia
Assoc. Prof. Vojtěch Peřina, MD, PhD, Markéta Šafářová, MD, Michaela Leskovjanová, Richard Smrž. Illustration: Chat GPT
Headache is one of the most common clinical symptoms encountered by physicians and can have a wide range of causes - from benign to severe pathologies. Proper diagnosis is complex - it requires a systematic approach, including a detailed history, physical examination, and targeted additional tests if necessary. This algorithm is a step-by-step structured diagnostic process that helps the physician determine the possible cause of the pain and select an appropriate therapeutic strategy. The algorithm applies to chronic pain, so it is necessary to exclude acute pain and its related causes.
Basilar skull fracture
Assoc. Prof. Vojtěch Peřina, MD, PhD, Peter Lukáč, MD, Ladislav Mrázek, Matouš Bártů. Illustration: DALL·E (OpenAI)
Basilar skull fracture represents a severe injury with potentially life-threatening complications. Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and imaging methods, with accurate and timely identification being crucial for further therapeutic management. The interactive algorithm will guide users through differential diagnosis, principles of care management for these injuries, and recognition of potential complications in both pre-hospital and hospital care. It highlights the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries in this anatomically complex area.
Aeromedical repatriation
Vladislav Nezval, MD, Sylwia Pycz, MD, Agáta Papoušková, Adéla Divišová
This educational algorithm presents the key challenges and approaches in the field of anesthesiology and overall patient care during air repatriation. It refers to transporting a patient on a commercial airline flight. Its creators draw from their own experiences with air repatriation from overseas countries. The participant has the opportunity to step into the role of a doctor going through the entire process of repatriating a patient from Australia. They will have the chance to learn how to prepare for such an event and what complications may arise during it. They will face specific situations that must be addressed under non-standard conditions — on an airplane. Are you ready for the flight?
Anesthesia for dental procedures
Lucie Štětková, MD, Andrej Jaroš, MD, Lukáš Nahálka, Robert Opletal
If a dentist plans to restore a larger number of teeth and/or expects a longer duration of treatment in a child who is unable to tolerate the procedure even with the sedation they can provide, general anesthesia is chosen. This differs from other types of anesthesia mainly in the need for adequate premedication, which this algorithm aims to highlight.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Kateřina Popková, MD, Alena Brančíková, MD, Martin Nagy, Vladimír Strelecký. Illustration: Midjourney
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of a healthy infant, usually during sleep, without a clear cause even after a thorough examination. BRUE or Brief resolved unexplained event is a new term that has replaced the previously used term ALTE (Apparently life-threatening event). The algorithm not only provides recommendations for prevention but also helps a physician who has not encountered this condition before to better understand the situation and respond appropriately. Giving emphasis on recognizing risk factors, the correct approach to examination of the infant, and educating parents about prevention.
Cardiogenic shock in children
Eva Klabusayová, MD, PhD, DESAIC, Tereza Bönischová, MD, Milka Latinović, Jana Grocholová. Illustration: ChatGPT
Cardiogenic shock is a condition in which the heart is unable to perform properly its pump function, and therefore cannot meet the metabolic demands of the tissues. The most common causes include myocardial infarction, valvular defects, and arrhythmias. In children, we primarily consider the infectious aetiology of cardiogenic shock, or possibly congenital abnormalities. Today, we will be taking care of a pediatric patient, a five-year-old girl, who is coming to our pediatric clinic with her mother.
Anaphylaxis in children
Hana Harazim, MD, PhD, Tereza Jenčová, MD, Jan Červenka, Richard Ratica. Illustration: Vála Jakub
The algorithm provides a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylactic shock in children, from first aid to follow-up care. It focuses on symptom recognition, adrenaline (Epipen) administration, and additional treatment. It includes condition identification, including less common symptoms, and tryptase measurement to confirm the diagnosis.
Emergence delirium
Prof. Petr Štourač, MD, PhD, MBA, LLM, FESAIC, Tereza Jenčová, MD, Kateřina Dostálová, Pavel Pískovský
Up to 80 % of paediatric patients may develop emergence delirium after recovery from general anaesthesia. The following algorithm is based on the current knowledge of this not yet fully understood postoperative complication, which may harm your patient. Can you identify and respond appropriately to this condition?
TTP
Štěpán Hrabovský, MD, PhD, Ivanna Boichuk, MD, Jakub Cieślar, Lukáš Filka. Illustration: www.canva.com, Chat-GPT
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease that requires prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment. This interactive algorithm will guide you through all the key steps - from the first symptoms, especially neurological, through differential diagnosis and evaluation of laboratory findings, to the choice of acute therapy, management of complications and identifying the underlying cause. TTP is a rare disease, but its early recognition is essential. Only those who know the diagnosis can make the right decision - and thanks to our algorithm, that could be you!
Calciphylaxis
Prof. Sylvie Dusilová Sulková, MD, PhD, Oliver Krošlák, Tomáš Halouzka. Illustration: OpenArt (AI)
Calciphylaxis (calcifying uremic arteriolopathy, CUA) is a rare but very serious condition with a mortality rate of up to 50–80 %, with sepsis usually being the cause of death. It is characterized by painful, deep skin and subcutaneous gangrene with systemic consequences. It predominantly, though not exclusively, affects patients with advanced kidney disease or kidney failure.
End-of-life decision-making in the ICU
Tereza Prokopová, MD, PhD, Jan Hudec, MD, PhD, Matúš Surovčák, Filip Bartoš
Palliative medicine and end-of-life decision-making are new, rapidly developing aspects of modern medicine. There are some limitations and differences in the setting of intensive care units (ICU), mainly because of the rate of progression of the patient's condition and the patient's limited ability to make decisions for themselves. The end-of-life decision (EOLD) should always be performed individually. In this algorithm, you will become a doctor dealing with two different patients at the end of their lives. We will introduce you to the basics and general principles of end-of-life decision-making in the ICU.
