Anaphylaxis in children
The algorithm provides a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylactic shock in children, from first aid to follow-up care. It focuses on symptom recognition, adrenaline (Epipen) administration, and additional treatment. It includes condition identification, including less common symptoms, and tryptase measurement to confirm the diagnosis.
Review
Despite its relatively low incidence, anaphylaxis remains one of the life-threatening conditions that does not spare even the pediatric population. According to the European Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis, the incidence of anaphylaxis in Europe is 1.5-7.9/100 000 inhabitants/year. During their lifetime, 1 to 300 people in Europe will experience anaphylaxis. Death from anaphylaxis is below 1%, with a higher risk of fatal outcome in patients with bronchial asthma, especially inadequately compensated, and with a delay in administering adrenaline. The presented algorithm is a good and practical tool for both students and experienced physicians to verify and repeat the management of this critical clinical situation in the context of the recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council.
Sources
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Learning targets
2. The student is able to treat anaphylaxis according to ERC guidelines.
3. The student knows how to correctly use an Epipen.
Key points
2. Antihistamines and corticosteroids belong to the third line of the treatment.
3. Anaphylaxis can present with gastrointestinal symptoms, and skin symptoms may not be present.
4. A rapid change in position can have fatal consequences.
5. A negative tryptase test does not rule out anaphylaxis.
